Reading For the Ages
August 29th, 2008With literally hundreds of children’s books on the market today, how do you choose the ones that will most benefit your kids? The best approach is to use your child’s age as a guide. Based on whether you’re reading to a newborn, a toddler, or a pre-schooler, different types of books will provide different types of stimulation and help your little reader reach certain developmental milestones. Different stages also call for varied reading techniques to help your child get the most education and entertainment out of each session.
Below, we’ve compiled some stage-by-stage recommendations to use when sharing a book with your young reading companion.
Baby Steps
There’s no disputing the benefits of reading to your baby. Even if he can’t yet understand the story’s plot or the meaning of the words he’s hearing, he’s enjoying an array of advantages that will continue to serve him through his toddler and pre-school years. In addition to soothing him with the sound of your voice, reading aloud to your baby presents the basic building blocks of his language, provides stimulation for cognitive growth, and promotes a nurturing bond with you.
It may seem like your newborn isn’t aware of the details of his surroundings, but he’s absorbing more than you think. Infants are attracted to sharply contrasting colors, especially black and white. At this stage, words aren’t as important as colors, shapes, and pictures. Newborns especially enjoy looking at other people’s faces, so choose books that include close-up pictures of other babies, children, and adults. By exposing your infant to these graphical elements, you’re helping to lay the foundation for picture recognition.
Once he reaches the 4-6 month phase, your baby will begin to display a more active interest in the books you read to him. Bright, vivid colors and pictures will hold his attention best. Narrate the story in an animated voice, emphasizing rhyming and repeating verses. By the time your baby is 6-9 months old, he’ll likely start responding more during story time, reaching out to point at favorite pictures and touching the pages. You may often find him verbally responding to your voice, cooing and laughing as you recite familiar passages. As your baby approaches the one-year mark, he’ll begin to recognize certain books as his favorites, will show signs of associating pictures with objects, and may start to mimic the sounds of animals he sees on the page.
Reading to Toddlers
Toddlers are voracious explorers, regarding every situation as an educational adventure—including books. When reading to a child between 12 months and 2-1/2 years old, you’ll likely notice a shift from passive observer to active participant. Your toddler will want to have a say in everything from the book you choose to read to which chair you sit in to read it. Try to be as flexible as possible while narrating the story. Let your little one set the pace—if she wants to spend more time on a page that interests her, or if she deviates from the story to talk about the pictures, accommodate her. Invite her to hold the book as you read, or to help turn the pages.
Toddlers thrive on routine, so incorporate reading as a regular pre-bedtime and pre-nap regimen. Keep in mind that children in this age group sometimes find it difficult to remain still for long periods of time, so be patient. Your child may start off sitting on your lap or lying beside you, but may get up several times during the course of the story. Keep reading, and she’ll likely return.
Children in this age group also have a predilection for repetition, so don’t be surprised if your toddler requests that you read the same book over and over again. She may even begin reciting familiar words and phrases as you turn the pages.
Pre-school Readers
As your child approaches pre-school age, he’s forming the foundation for a lifetime of reading. When reading to a 3- to 5-year-old, you’ll notice a more active participation in the story, questions about the characters and plot, and recognition of numbers and letters. 4- and 5-year-olds will recognize that the words on the page represent the details of the story, and may even be able to sound out some of the easier words as a first step toward reading on their own. As you read, run a finger beneath the words to help your child begin to grasp the concept of letters forming words, words forming sentences, and sentences forming complete stories.
Another common behavior of preschoolers is to page through a book and pretend to be reading. This is a positive sign that indicates their interest in developing their own reading skills. For a fun twist, invite your child to read a favorite book to you—even if they can’t read the words verbatim, they can use the pictures on the pages and their own imagination and memory to piece together the story.
When choosing a story to read to your pre-schooler, why not start with the ones you loved during your own childhood? They’ll get a kick out of sharing the same book you enjoyed when you were their age, and you’ll enjoy seeing a classic favorite through their eyes.
When you’ve reached the end of a book, take a couple of minutes to talk with your pre-schooler about the story. Ask questions about their thoughts on the outcome, their feelings about how the characters dealt with a conflict they faced, and what your child learned from the book.
To reinforce the lessons you’re instilling through reading, point out other printed words with which you and your child come into contact throughout the day. You might ask her what the letters on a stop sign say, for instance, or point out the words on the side of a bus. It’s also a good idea to expose your child to as much of your own reading as possible, whether it’s a literary novel or just a to-do list.
Elementary Readers
As your child enters elementary school, sharing books is an excellent way to help develop her budding reading skills. Build a collection of age-appropriate books tailored to her grade level. When choosing books, look for topics that mirror your child’s daily routines and milestones. For instance, you might select a book about the first day of school for your 5-year-old who’s just starting kindergarten, or a story about the beach just before your family takes a vacation. It’s fine to continue reading aloud, but you should periodically encourage your child to read words and phrases on her own.
Keep informed about your child’s reading progress in school. Show your support by volunteering to come into school and read stories to her class. Helping your child with her homework each night provides another opportunity to monitor and encourage her reading abilities. Be sure to praise her progress as a way of boosting her confidence.
And you don’t have to limit your shared reading to books. Newspapers, public signs, and even cereal boxes provide impromptu reading opportunities.
A Lifetime of Rewards
Taking just a few minutes each day to read to your child, no matter what his age, will provide him with a solid foundation for years of learning and fun. By choosing materials that are age-appropriate and utilizing some of the tips presented above, you can help make reading an adventure, not a chore.